THE UTILISATION OF STRENGTH TRAINING AS A MECHANISM FOR THE PURPOSE OF PREVENTIVE REHABILITATION AND ACTIVE AGEING IN MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS

Abstract

This article presents the findings of a scientific study that sought to provide empirical evidence for the multifactorial health-promoting effects of strength training on the bodies of middle-aged individuals (35–60 years old) across metabolic, structural-biomechanical, and psycho-emotional domains. The significance of this study lies in the global prevalence of physical inactivity and the age-related decline in physiological systems, which have a deleterious effect on the quality of life and work capacity of the most productive segment of society. The primary objective of the present study is to provide a theoretical justification for the synergistic relationship among the mechanisms of metabolic adaptation, the structural restoration of the musculoskeletal system, and the improvement of the psycho-emotional state. The methodology is predicated on a systematic analysis, synthesis, and systematization of scientific sources in the fields of sports physiology, biomechanics, and rehabilitation medicine for the period 2009–2026. The study found that skeletal muscles act as the body's largest endocrine organ, secreting myokines (including irisin, apelin, and interleukin-15) that modulate metabolism in distant organs and provide systemic protection against chronic diseases. Research has demonstrated that resistance training enhances insulin sensitivity in glycolytic fibers and reduces systemic inflammation, both of which are imperative for preventing metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Particular emphasis is placed on debunking myths about the purported detrimental effects of strength training on the spine and joints. A comprehensive analysis of mechanotransduction processes reveals that controlled dynamic loading stimulates nutrient diffusion into the intervertebral discs and collagen synthesis in articular cartilage. The text goes on to highlight the regenerative potential of strength training in stimulating hernia resorption and managing pain in osteoarthritis. The psychological effects of training are explained through neuroendocrine regulation, specifically increased BDNF levels and cortisol optimization, which contribute to cognitive longevity and emotional stability. The scientific novelty of this approach lies in the development of a comprehensive concept of preventive rehabilitation, in which strength training is viewed as a means of multifactorial health improvement and biomechanical rejuvenation. The practical significance of this work is confirmed by the justification of the priority of multi-joint exercises and the concept of condensed training volume for middle-aged non-athletes. The study's findings can be used to develop customized health improvement programs and modernize physical education methods.