THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF CONDUCT OF EXCURSIONS DURING THE STUDY OF GEOGRAPHY IN INSTITUTIONS OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION

Abstract

In this study, the concept of excursion and its importance in the study of geography is revealed. It was found that excursions are the most vivid and effective form of visualizing educational material. With their help, students develop a visual representation, motivation to study geography increases, a deeper acquisition of knowledge takes place, skills of working with devices, independent educational and research activities develop, emotional perception of the surrounding reality, aesthetic and ecological culture are cultivated. In addition, geographical excursions determine the implementation of intersubject connections in the process of teaching the subject. They are an important and necessary component of the educational process, in particular when studying geography.

The history of the development of field trips in Ukrainian schools is considered. It was revealed that today teachers of Ukraine have wide opportunities for the implementation of excursion work. There is a sufficient number of methodological recommendations and developments that can ensure the effectiveness of this activity. Excursions are held during lessons and are widely used in pre-school children's health camps. Local history and tourism circles are active everywhere. Pupils are invited to participate in a wide range of projects and actions of historical, local history, and nature.

The forms of excursions are characterized. The main requirements for the organization and safety of excursions have been identified. The role of field trips in programmatic and methodological provision of school geography is analyzed. A questionnaire was developed to find out the expediency of using excursions. Based on the results of the survey, the peculiarities and necessity of conducting geographical excursions, their influence on the effectiveness of learning the educational program as a whole were determined. The work systematizes and summarizes a significant amount of scientific and methodical information related to various aspects of the application of excursions in the process of teaching geography in ZZSO. On the basis of the obtained data, specific examples of the organization of school geographical excursions are shown. The material included in the study will be useful for methodologists, geography teachers, and students studying geography teaching methods. The work contains the development of specific school geographical excursions relevant for the Zhytomyr region, as well as methodological recommendations for teachers on the effective use of this form of work in the process of studying school geography courses.